User Guide

Notice

The Corstone-1000 software stack uses the Yocto Project to build a tiny Linux distribution suitable for the Corstone-1000 platform (kernel and initramfs filesystem less than 5 MB on the flash). The Yocto Project relies on the Bitbake tool as its build tool. Please see Yocto Project documentation for more information.

Prerequisites

These instructions assume your host PC is running Ubuntu Linux 18.04 or 20.04 LTS, with at least 32GB of free disk space and 16GB of RAM as minimum requirement. The following instructions expect that you are using a bash shell. All the paths stated in this document are absolute paths.

The following prerequisites must be available on the host system. To resolve these dependencies, run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
 build-essential chrpath socat cpio python3 python3-pip python3-pexpect \
 xz-utils debianutils iputils-ping python3-git libegl1-mesa libsdl1.2-dev \
 xterm zstd liblz4-tool picocom
sudo apt-get upgrade libstdc++6

Provided components

Within the Yocto Project, each component included in the Corstone-1000 software stack is specified as a bitbake recipe. The recipes specific to the Corstone-1000 BSP are located at: <_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/.

The Yocto machine config files for the Corstone-1000 FVP and FPGA targets are:

<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/conf/machine/include/corstone1000.inc

<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/conf/machine/corstone1000-fvp.conf

<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/conf/machine/corstone1000-mps3.conf

Software for Host

Trusted Firmware-A

Based on Trusted Firmware-A

bbappend	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-bsp/trusted-firmware-a/trusted-firmware-a_2.7.bbappend
Recipe	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm/recipes-bsp/trusted-firmware-a/trusted-firmware-a_2.7.bb

OP-TEE

Based on OP-TEE

bbappend	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-security/optee/optee-os_3.18.0.bbappend
Recipe	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm/recipes-security/optee/optee-os_3.18.0.bb

U-Boot

Based on U-Boot

bbappend	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm/recipes-bsp/u-boot/u-boot_%.bbappend
Recipe	<_workspace>/poky/meta/recipes-bsp/u-boot/u-boot_2022.07.bb

Linux

The distro is based on the poky-tiny distribution which is a Linux distribution stripped down to a minimal configuration.

The provided distribution is based on busybox and built using muslibc. The recipe responsible for building a tiny version of Linux is listed below.

bbappend	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_%.bbappend
Recipe	<_workspace>/poky/meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_5.19.bb
defconfig	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/files/corstone1000/defconfig

External System Tests

Based on Corstone-1000/applications

Recipe

<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-test/corstone1000-external-sys-tests/corstone1000-external-sys-tests_1.0.bb

The recipe provides the systems-comms-tests command run in Linux and used for testing the External System.

Software for Boot Processor (a.k.a Secure Enclave)

Based on Trusted Firmware-M

bbappend	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-bsp/trusted-firmware-m/trusted-firmware-m_%.bbappend
Recipe	<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm/recipes-bsp/trusted-firmware-m/trusted-firmware-m_1.6.0.bb

Software for the External System

RTX

Based on RTX RTOS

Recipe

<_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm-bsp/recipes-bsp/external-system/external-system_0.1.0.bb

Building the software stack

Create a new folder that will be your workspace and will henceforth be referred to as <_workspace> in these instructions. To create the folder, run:

mkdir <_workspace>
cd <_workspace>

Corstone-1000 software is based on the Yocto Project which uses kas and bitbake commands to build the stack. To install kas tool, run:

pip3 install kas

If ‘kas’ command is not found in command-line, please make sure the user installation directories are visible on $PATH. If you have sudo rights, try ‘sudo pip3 install kas’.

In the top directory of the workspace <_workspace>, run:

git clone https://git.yoctoproject.org/git/meta-arm -b CORSTONE1000-2022.11.23

To build a Corstone-1000 image for MPS3 FPGA, run:

kas build meta-arm/kas/corstone1000-mps3.yml

Alternatively, to build a Corstone-1000 image for FVP, run:

kas build meta-arm/kas/corstone1000-fvp.yml

The initial clean build will be lengthy, given that all host utilities are to be built as well as the target images. This includes host executables (python, cmake, etc.) and the required toolchain(s).

Once the build is successful, all output binaries will be placed in the following folders:

<_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/ folder for FVP build;
<_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3/ folder for FPGA build.

Everything apart from the Secure Enclave ROM firmware and External System firmware, is bundled into a single binary, the corstone1000-image-corstone1000-{mps3,fvp}.wic.nopt file.

The output binaries run in the Corstone-1000 platform are the following:

The Secure Enclave ROM firmware: <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-{mps3,fvp}/bl1.bin
The External System firmware: <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-{mps3,fvp}/es_flashfw.bin
The flash image: <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-{mps3,fvp}/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-{mps3,fvp}.wic.nopt

Flash the firmware image on FPGA

The user should download the FPGA bit file image AN550: Arm® Corstone™-1000 for MPS3 Version 1 from this link and under the section Arm® Corstone™-1000 for MPS3.

The directory structure of the FPGA bundle is shown below.

Boardfiles
├── MB
│   ├── BRD_LOG.TXT
│   ├── HBI0309B
│   │   ├── AN550
│   │   │   ├── AN550_v1.bit
│   │   │   ├── an550_v1.txt
│   │   │   └── images.txt
│   │   ├── board.txt
│   │   └── mbb_v210.ebf
│   └── HBI0309C
│       ├── AN550
│       │   ├── AN550_v1.bit
│       │   ├── an550_v1.txt
│       │   └── images.txt
│       ├── board.txt
│       └── mbb_v210.ebf
├── SOFTWARE
│   ├── ES0.bin
│   ├── SE.bin
│   └── an550_st.axf
└── config.txt

Depending upon the MPS3 board version (printed on the MPS3 board) you should update the images.txt file (in corresponding HBI0309x folder. Boardfiles/MB/HBI0309<board_revision>/AN550/images.txt) so that the file points to the images under SOFTWARE directory.

The images.txt file that is compatible with the latest version of the software stack can be seen below;

;************************************************
;       Preload port mapping                    *
;************************************************
;  PORT 0 & ADDRESS: 0x00_0000_0000 QSPI Flash (XNVM) (32MB)
;  PORT 0 & ADDRESS: 0x00_8000_0000 OCVM (DDR4 2GB)
;  PORT 1        Secure Enclave (M0+) ROM (64KB)
;  PORT 2        External System 0 (M3) Code RAM (256KB)
;  PORT 3        Secure Enclave OTP memory (8KB)
;  PORT 4        CVM (4MB)
;************************************************

[IMAGES]
TOTALIMAGES: 3      ;Number of Images (Max: 32)

IMAGE0PORT: 1
IMAGE0ADDRESS: 0x00_0000_0000
IMAGE0UPDATE: RAM
IMAGE0FILE: \SOFTWARE\bl1.bin

IMAGE1PORT: 0
IMAGE1ADDRESS: 0x00_0010_0000
IMAGE1UPDATE: AUTOQSPI
IMAGE1FILE: \SOFTWARE\cs1000.bin

IMAGE2PORT: 2
IMAGE2ADDRESS: 0x00_0000_0000
IMAGE2UPDATE: RAM
IMAGE2FILE: \SOFTWARE\es0.bin

OUTPUT_DIR = <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3

Copy bl1.bin from OUTPUT_DIR directory to SOFTWARE directory of the FPGA bundle.
Copy es_flashfw.bin from OUTPUT_DIR directory to SOFTWARE directory of the FPGA bundle and rename the binary to es0.bin.
Copy corstone1000-image-corstone1000-mps3.wic.nopt from OUTPUT_DIR directory to SOFTWARE directory of the FPGA bundle and rename the wic.nopt image to cs1000.bin.

NOTE: Renaming of the images are required because MCC firmware has limitation of 8 characters before .(dot) and 3 characters after .(dot).

Now, copy the entire folder to board’s SDCard and reboot the board.

Running the software on FPGA

On the host machine, open 4 serial port terminals. In case of Linux machine it will be ttyUSB0, ttyUSB1, ttyUSB2, ttyUSB3 and it might be different on Windows machines.

ttyUSB0 for MCC, OP-TEE and Secure Partition

ttyUSB1 for Boot Processor (Cortex-M0+)

ttyUSB2 for Host Processor (Cortex-A35)

ttyUSB3 for External System Processor (Cortex-M3)

Run following commands to open serial port terminals on Linux:

sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0  # in one terminal
sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB1  # in another terminal
sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB2  # in another terminal.
sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB3  # in another terminal.

Once the system boot is completed, you should see console logs on the serial port terminals. Once the HOST(Cortex-A35) is booted completely, user can login to the shell using “root” login.

If system does not boot and only the ttyUSB1 logs are visible, please follow the steps in Clean Secure Flash Before Testing (applicable to FPGA only) under SystemReady-IR tests section. The previous image used in FPGA (MPS3) might have filled the Secure Flash completely. The best practice is to clean the secure flash in this case.

Running the software on FVP

An FVP (Fixed Virtual Platform) model of the Corstone-1000 platform must be available to run the Corstone-1000 FVP software image.

A Yocto recipe is provided and allows to download the latest supported FVP version.

The recipe is located at <_workspace>/meta-arm/meta-arm/recipes-devtools/fvp/fvp-corstone1000.bb

The latest supported Fixed Virtual Platform (FVP) version is 11.19_21 and is automatically downloaded and installed when using the runfvp command as detailed below. The FVP version can be checked by running the following command:

<_workspace>/meta-arm/scripts/runfvp <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.fvpconf -- --version

The FVP can also be manually downloaded from the Arm Ecosystem FVPs page. On this page, navigate to “Corstone IoT FVPs” section to download the Corstone-1000 platform FVP installer. Follow the instructions of the installer and setup the FVP.

To run the FVP using the runfvp command, please run the following command:

<_workspace>/meta-arm/scripts/runfvp --terminals=xterm <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.fvpconf

When the script is executed, three terminal instances will be launched, one for the boot processor (aka Secure Enclave) processing element and two for the Host processing element. Once the FVP is executing, the Boot Processor will start to boot, wherein the relevant memory contents of the .wic.nopt file are copied to their respective memory locations within the model, enforce firewall policies on memories and peripherals and then, bring the host out of reset.

The host will boot trusted-firmware-a, OP-TEE, U-Boot and then Linux, and present a login prompt (FVP host_terminal_0):

corstone1000-fvp login:

Login using the username root.

The External System can be released out of reset on demand using the systems-comms-tests command.

SystemReady-IR tests

Testing steps

NOTE: Running the SystemReady-IR tests described below requires the user to work with USB sticks. In our testing, not all USB stick models work well with MPS3 FPGA. Here are the USB sticks models that are stable in our test environment.

HP V165W 8 GB USB Flash Drive

SanDisk Ultra 32GB Dual USB Flash Drive USB M3.0

SanDisk Ultra 16GB Dual USB Flash Drive USB M3.0

NOTE: Before running each of the tests in this chapter, the user should follow the steps described in following section “Clean Secure Flash Before Testing” to erase the SecureEnclave flash cleanly and prepare a clean board environment for the testing.

Clean Secure Flash Before Testing (applicable to FPGA only)

To prepare a clean board environment with clean secure flash for the testing, the user should prepare an image that erases the secure flash cleanly during boot. Run following commands to build such image.

cd <_workspace>
git clone https://git.yoctoproject.org/git/meta-arm -b CORSTONE1000-2022.11.23
git clone https://git.gitlab.arm.com/arm-reference-solutions/systemready-patch.git -b CORSTONE1000-2022.11.23
cp -f systemready-patch/embedded-a/corstone1000/erase_flash/0001-arm-bsp-trusted-firmware-m-corstone1000-Clean-Secure.patch meta-arm
cd meta-arm
git apply 0001-arm-bsp-trusted-firmware-m-corstone1000-Clean-Secure.patch
cd ..
kas build meta-arm/kas/corstone1000-mps3.yml

Replace the bl1.bin and cs1000.bin files on the SD card with following files:

The ROM firmware: <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3/bl1.bin
The flash image: <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-mps3.wic.nopt

Now reboot the board. This step erases the Corstone-1000 SecureEnclave flash completely, the user should expect following message from TF-M log (can be seen in ttyUSB1):

!!!SECURE FLASH HAS BEEN CLEANED!!!
NOW YOU CAN FLASH THE ACTUAL CORSTONE1000 IMAGE
PLEASE REMOVE THE LATEST ERASE SECURE FLASH PATCH AND BUILD THE IMAGE AGAIN

Then the user should follow “Building the software stack” to build a clean software stack and flash the FPGA as normal. And continue the testing.

Run SystemReady-IR ACS tests

ACS image contains two partitions. BOOT partition and RESULT partition. Following packages are under BOOT partition

SCT

FWTS

BSA uefi

BSA linux

grub

uefi manual capsule application

RESULT partition is used to store the test results. PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT THE RESULT PARTITION IS EMPTY BEFORE YOU START THE TESTING. OTHERWISE THE TEST RESULTS WILL NOT BE CONSISTENT

FPGA instructions for ACS image

This section describes how the user can build and run Architecture Compliance Suite (ACS) tests on Corstone-1000.

First, the user should download the Arm SystemReady ACS repository. This repository contains the infrastructure to build the Architecture Compliance Suite (ACS) and the bootable prebuilt images to be used for the certifications of SystemReady-IR. To download the repository, run command:

cd <_workspace>
git clone https://github.com/ARM-software/arm-systemready.git -b v21.09_REL1.0

Once the repository is successfully downloaded, the prebuilt ACS live image can be found in:

<_workspace>/arm-systemready/IR/prebuilt_images/v21.07_0.9_BETA/ir_acs_live_image.img.xz

NOTE: This prebuilt ACS image includes v5.13 kernel, which doesn’t provide USB driver support for Corstone-1000. The ACS image with newer kernel version and with full USB support for Corstone-1000 will be available in the next SystemReady release in this repository.

Then, the user should prepare a USB stick with ACS image. In the given example here, we assume the USB device is /dev/sdb (the user should use lsblk command to confirm). Be cautious here and don’t confuse your host PC’s own hard drive with the USB drive. Run the following commands to prepare the ACS image in USB stick:

cd <_workspace>/arm-systemready/IR/prebuilt_images/v21.07_0.9_BETA
unxz ir_acs_live_image.img.xz
sudo dd if=ir_acs_live_image.img of=/dev/sdb iflag=direct oflag=direct bs=1M status=progress; sync

Once the USB stick with ACS image is prepared, the user should make sure that ensure that only the USB stick with the ACS image is connected to the board, and then boot the board.

The FPGA will reset multiple times during the test, and it might take approx. 24-36 hours to finish the test. At the end of test, the FPGA host terminal will halt showing a shell prompt. Once test is finished the result can be copied following above instructions.

FVP instructions for ACS image and run

Download ACS image from:

https://gitlab.arm.com/systemready/acs/arm-systemready/-/tree/linux-5.17-rc7/IR/prebuilt_images/v22.04_1.0-Linux-v5.17-rc7

Use the below command to run the FVP with ACS image support in the SD card.

unxz ${<path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img.xz}

tmux

<_workspace>/meta-arm/scripts/runfvp <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.fvpconf -- -C board.msd_mmc.p_mmc_file="${<path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img}"

The test results can be fetched using following commands:

sudo mkdir /mnt/test
sudo mount -o rw,offset=<offset_2nd_partition> <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img /mnt/test/
fdisk -lu <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img
->  Device                                                     Start     End Sectors  Size Type
    <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image_modified.img1    2048 1050622 1048575  512M Microsoft basic data
    <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image_modified.img2 1050624 1153022  102399   50M Microsoft basic data

->   <offset_2nd_partition> = 1050624 * 512 (sector size) = 537919488

The FVP will reset multiple times during the test, and it might take up to 1 day to finish the test. At the end of test, the FVP host terminal will halt showing a shell prompt. Once test is finished, the FVP can be stoped, and result can be copied following above instructions.

Common to FVP and FPGA

U-Boot should be able to boot the grub bootloader from the 1st partition and if grub is not interrupted, tests are executed automatically in the following sequence:

SCT

UEFI BSA

FWTS

BSA Linux

The results can be fetched from the acs_results folder in the RESULT partition of the USB stick (FPGA) / SD Card (FVP).

Manual capsule update and ESRT checks

The following section describes running manual capsule update with the direct method.

The steps described in this section perform manual capsule update and show how to use the ESRT feature to retrieve the installed capsule details.

For the following tests two capsules are needed to perform 2 capsule updates. A positive update and a negative update.

A positive test case capsule which boots the platform correctly until the Linux prompt, and a negative test case with an incorrect capsule (corrupted or outdated) which fails to boot to the host software.

Check the “Run SystemReady-IR ACS tests” section above to download and unpack the ACS image file

ir_acs_live_image.img.xz

Download edk2 under <_workspace> :

git clone https://github.com/tianocore/edk2.git

Generating Capsules

The capsule binary size (wic.nopt file) should be less than 15 MB.

Based on the user’s requirement, the user can change the firmware version number given to --fw-version option (the version number needs to be >= 1).

Generating FPGA Capsules

<_workspace>/edk2/BaseTools/BinWrappers/PosixLike/GenerateCapsule -e -o \
cs1k_cap_mps3_v5 --fw-version 5 --lsv 0 --guid \
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f --verbose --update-image-index \
0 --verbose <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-mps3.wic.nopt

<_workspace>/edk2/BaseTools/BinWrappers/PosixLike/GenerateCapsule -e -o \
cs1k_cap_mps3_v6 --fw-version 6 --lsv 0 --guid \
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f --verbose --update-image-index \
0 --verbose <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-mps3/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-mps3.wic.nopt

Generating FVP Capsules

<_workspace>/edk2/BaseTools/BinWrappers/PosixLike/GenerateCapsule -e -o \
cs1k_cap_fvp_v6 --fw-version 6 --lsv 0 --guid \
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f --verbose --update-image-index \
0 --verbose <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.wic.nopt

<_workspace>/edk2/BaseTools/BinWrappers/PosixLike/GenerateCapsule -e -o \
cs1k_cap_fvp_v5 --fw-version 5 --lsv 0 --guid \
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f --verbose --update-image-index \
0 --verbose <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.wic.nopt

Copying Capsules

Copying the FPGA capsules

The user should prepare a USB stick as explained in ACS image section (see above). Place the generated cs1k_cap files in the root directory of the boot partition in the USB stick. Note: As we are running the direct method, the cs1k_cap file should not be under the EFI/UpdateCapsule directory as this may or may not trigger the on disk method.

sudo cp cs1k_cap_mps3_v6 <mounting path>/BOOT/
sudo cp cs1k_cap_mps3_v5 <mounting path>/BOOT/
sync

Copying the FVP capsules

First, mount the IR image:

sudo mkdir /mnt/test
sudo mount -o rw,offset=1048576 <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img  /mnt/test

Then, copy the capsules:

sudo cp cs1k_cap_fvp_v6 /mnt/test/
sudo cp cs1k_cap_fvp_v5 /mnt/test/
sync

Then, unmount the IR image:

sudo umount /mnt/test

NOTE:

Size of first partition in the image file is calculated in the following way. The data is just an example and might vary with different ir_acs_live_image.img files.

fdisk -lu <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img
->  Device                                                     Start     End Sectors  Size Type
    <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image_modified.img1    2048 1050622 1048575  512M Microsoft basic data
    <path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image_modified.img2 1050624 1153022  102399   50M Microsoft basic data

->  <offset_1st_partition> = 2048 * 512 (sector size) = 1048576

Performing the capsule update

During this section we will be using the capsule with the higher version (cs1k_cap_<fvp/mps3>_v6) for the positive scenario and the capsule with the lower version (cs1k_cap_<fvp/mps3>_v5) for the negative scenario.

Running the FVP with the IR prebuilt image

Run the FVP with the IR prebuilt image:

<_workspace>/meta-arm/scripts/runfvp --terminals=xterm <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.fvpconf -- -C "board.msd_mmc.p_mmc_file ${<path-to-img>/ir_acs_live_image.img}"

Running the FPGA with the IR prebuilt image

Insert the prepared USB stick then Power cycle the MPS3 board.

Executing capsule update for FVP and FPGA

Reach u-boot then interrupt the boot to reach the EFI shell.

Press ESC in 4 seconds to skip startup.nsh or any other key to continue.

Then, type FS0: as shown below:

FS0:

In case of the positive scenario run the update with the higher version capsule as shown below:

EFI/BOOT/app/CapsuleApp.efi cs1k_cap_<fvp/mps3>_v6

After successfully updating the capsule the system will reset.

In case of the negative scenario run the update with the lower version capsule as shown below:

EFI/BOOT/app/CapsuleApp.efi cs1k_cap_<fvp/mps3>_v5

The command above should fail and in the TF-M logs the following message should appear:

ERROR: flash_full_capsule: version error

Then, reboot manually:

Shell> reset

FPGA: Select Corstone-1000 Linux kernel boot

Remove the USB stick before u-boot is reached so the Corstone-1000 kernel will be detected and used for booting.

NOTE: Otherwise, the execution ends up in the ACS live image.

FVP: Select Corstone-1000 Linux kernel boot

Interrupt the u-boot shell.

Hit any key to stop autoboot:

Run the following commands in order to run the Corstone-1000 Linux kernel and being able to check the ESRT table.

NOTE: Otherwise, the execution ends up in the ACS live image.

$ run retrieve_kernel_load_addr
$ unzip $kernel_addr 0x90000000
$ loadm 0x90000000 $kernel_addr_r 0xf00000
$ bootefi $kernel_addr_r $fdtcontroladdr

Capsule update status

Positive scenario

In the positive case scenario, the user should see following log in TF-M log, indicating the new capsule image is successfully applied, and the board boots correctly.

...
SysTick_Handler: counted = 10, expiring on = 360
SysTick_Handler: counted = 20, expiring on = 360
SysTick_Handler: counted = 30, expiring on = 360
...
metadata_write: success: active = 1, previous = 0
accept_full_capsule: exit: fwu state is changed to regular
...

It’s possible to check the content of the ESRT table after the system fully boots.

In the Linux command-line run the following:

# cd /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry0
# cat *

0x0
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f
0
6
0
6
0

capsule_flags:       0x0
fw_class:    e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f
fw_type:     0
fw_version:  6
last_attempt_status: 0
last_attempt_version:        6
lowest_supported_fw_ver:     0

Negative scenario

In the negative case scenario (rollback the capsule version), the user should see appropriate logs in the secure enclave terminal.

...
  uefi_capsule_retrieve_images: image 0 at 0xa0000070, size=15654928
  uefi_capsule_retrieve_images: exit
  flash_full_capsule: enter: image = 0x0xa0000070, size = 15654928, version = 10
  ERROR: flash_full_capsule: version error
  private_metadata_write: enter: boot_index = 1
  private_metadata_write: success
  fmp_set_image_info:133 Enter
  FMP image update: image id = 0
  FMP image update: status = 1version=11 last_attempt_version=10.
  fmp_set_image_info:157 Exit.
  corstone1000_fwu_flash_image: exit: ret = -1
...

If capsule pass initial verification, but fails verifications performed during boot time, secure enclave will try new images predetermined number of times (defined in the code), before reverting back to the previous good bank.

...
metadata_write: success: active = 0, previous = 1
fwu_select_previous: in regular state by choosing previous active bank
...

It’s possible to check the content of the ESRT table after the system fully boots.

In the Linux command-line run the following:

# cd /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry0
# cat *

0x0
e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f
0
6
1
5
0

capsule_flags:       0x0
fw_class:    e2bb9c06-70e9-4b14-97a3-5a7913176e3f
fw_type:     0
fw_version:  6
last_attempt_status: 1
last_attempt_version:        5
lowest_supported_fw_ver:     0

Linux distros tests

Debian/OpenSUSE install and boot (applicable to FPGA only)

To test Linux distro install and boot, the user should prepare two empty USB sticks (minimum size should be 4GB and formatted with FAT32).

Download one of following Linux distro images:

Debian installer image: https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/weekly-builds/arm64/iso-dvd/
OpenSUSE Tumbleweed installer image: http://download.opensuse.org/ports/aarch64/tumbleweed/iso/ - The user should look for a DVD Snapshot like openSUSE-Tumbleweed-DVD-aarch64-Snapshot<date>-Media.iso

Once the .iso file is downloaded, the .iso file needs to be flashed to your USB drive.

In the given example here, we assume the USB device is /dev/sdb (the user should use lsblk command to confirm). Be cautious here and don’t confuse your host PC’s own hard drive with the USB drive. Then copy the contents of an iso file into the first USB stick, run:

sudo dd if=<path-to-iso_file> of=/dev/sdb iflag=direct oflag=direct status=progress bs=1M; sync;

Boot the MSP3 board with the first USB stick connected. Open following minicom sessions:

sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0  # in one terminal
sudo picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB2  # in another terminal.

Now plug in the second USB stick (once installation screen is visible), the distro installation process will start. The installation prompt can be seen in ttyUSB2. If installer does not start, please try to reboot the board with both USB sticks connected and repeat the process.

NOTE: Due to the performance limitation of Corstone-1000 MPS3 FPGA, the distro installation process can take up to 24 hours to complete.

Once installation is complete, unplug the first USB stick and reboot the board. After successfully installing and booting the Linux distro, the user should see a login prompt:

debian login:

Login with the username root.

NOTE: The Debian installer has a known issue “Install the GRUB bootloader - unable to install ” and these are the steps to follow on the subsequent popups to solve the issue during the installation:

Select “Continue”, then “Continue” again on the next popup
Scroll down and select “Execute a shell”
Select “Continue”
Enter the following command:

in-target grub-install --no-nvram --force-extra-removable

Enter the following command:

in-target update-grub

Enter the following command:

exit

Select “Continue without boot loader”, then select “Continue” on the next popup
At this stage, the installation should proceed as normal.

OpenSUSE Raw image install and boot (applicable to FVP only)

Steps to download openSUSE Tumbleweed raw image:

Go to: http://download.opensuse.org/ports/aarch64/tumbleweed/appliances/
The user should look for a Tumbleweed-ARM-JeOS-efi.aarch64-* Snapshot, for example, openSUSE-Tumbleweed-ARM-JeOS-efi.aarch64-<date>-Snapshot<date>.raw.xz

Once the .raw.xz file is downloaded, the raw image file needs to be extracted:

unxz <file-name.raw.xz>

The above command will generate a file ending with extension .raw image. Now, use the following command to run FVP with raw image installation process.

<_workspace>/meta-arm/scripts/runfvp --terminals=xterm <_workspace>/build/tmp/deploy/images/corstone1000-fvp/corstone1000-image-corstone1000-fvp.fvpconf -- -C board.msd_mmc.p_mmc_file="${openSUSE raw image file path}"

After successfully installing and booting the Linux distro, the user should see a openSUSE login prompt.

localhost login:

Login with the username ‘root’ and password ‘linux’.

PSA API tests

Run PSA API test commands (applicable to both FPGA and FVP)

When running PSA API test commands (aka PSA Arch Tests) on MPS3 FPGA, the user should make sure there is no USB stick connected to the board. Power on the board and boot the board to Linux. Then, the user should follow the steps below to run the tests.

When running the tests on the Corstone-1000 FVP, the user should follow the instructions in Running the software on FVP section to boot Linux in FVP host_terminal_0, and login using the username root.

First, load FF-A TEE kernel module:

insmod /lib/modules/5.19.14-yocto-standard/extra/arm-ffa-tee.ko

Then, check whether the FF-A TEE driver is loaded correctly by using the following command:

cat /proc/modules | grep arm_ffa_tee

The output should be:

arm_ffa_tee 16384 - - Live 0xffffffc0004f0000 (O)

Now, run the PSA API tests in the following order:

psa-iat-api-test
psa-crypto-api-test
psa-its-api-test
psa-ps-api-test

External System tests

Running the External System test command (systems-comms-tests)

Test 1: Releasing the External System out of reset

Run this command in the Linux command-line:

systems-comms-tests 1

The output on the External System terminal should be:

 ___  ___
|    / __|
|=== \___
|___ |___/
External System Cortex-M3 Processor
Running RTX RTOS
v0.1.0_2022-10-19_16-41-32-8c9dca7
MHUv2 module 'MHU0_H' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU1_H' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU0_SE' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU1_SE' started

Test 2: Communication

Test 2 releases the External System out of reset if not already done. Then, it performs communication between host and External System.

After running Test 1, run this command in the Linux command-line:

systems-comms-tests 2

Additional output on the External System terminal will be printed:

MHUv2: Message from 'MHU0_H': 0xabcdef1
Received 'abcdef1' From Host MHU0
CMD: Increment and return to sender...
MHUv2: Message from 'MHU1_H': 0xabcdef1
Received 'abcdef1' From Host MHU1
CMD: Increment and return to sender...

When running Test 2 the first, Test 1 will be run in the background.

The output on the External System terminal should be:

 ___  ___
|    / __|
|=== \___
|___ |___/
External System Cortex-M3 Processor
Running RTX RTOS
v0.1.0_2022-10-19_16-41-32-8c9dca7
MHUv2 module 'MHU0_H' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU1_H' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU0_SE' started
MHUv2 module 'MHU1_SE' started
MHUv2: Message from 'MHU0_H': 0xabcdef1
Received 'abcdef1' From Host MHU0
CMD: Increment and return to sender...
MHUv2: Message from 'MHU1_H': 0xabcdef1
Received 'abcdef1' From Host MHU1
CMD: Increment and return to sender...

The output on the Host terminal should be:

Received abcdf00 from es0mhu0
Received abcdf00 from es0mhu1

Tests results

As a reference for the end user, reports for various tests for Corstone-1000 software (CORSTONE1000-2022.11.23) can be found in here.

Running the software on FVP on Windows

If the user needs to run the Corstone-1000 software on FVP on Windows. The user should follow the build instructions in this document to build on Linux host PC, and copy the output binaries to the Windows PC where the FVP is located, and launch the FVP binary.